– Basic physics of incoherent scatter – Basic physics of other scattering mechanisms – The ionosphere as a target tracer – Plasma instabilities in the ionosphere – Radar design and parameters (coherent and incoherent) – Modulation schemes – Analysis techniques – New hardware and software developments – Experiment design – Structure and dynamics of the aurora and polar ionosphere – Ionospheric modification – Ionosphere-magnetosphere coupling / high-altitude physics – Ionospheric plasma physics and microphysics – Storms and substorms / space weather – Thermosphere and mesosphere studies – New results and future use of ISRs – Novel radar applications (e.g. meteors, space debris, interplanetary scintillation, etc.) – History of high-latitude ISRs (joint with school)