•	IS radar observations resolve the height distribution of current and Joule heating rate in the high latitude E-region
	•	Determined that the neutral wind can have a significant impact on high-latitude E-region electrodynamics
	Thayer, J.P., “High latitude currents and their energy exchange with the ionosphere-thermosphere system,” J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 105, No. A10, pp. 23015–23024, 2000.
	Thayer, J.P., “ Height-resolved Joule heating rates in the high-latitude E region and the influence of neutral winds,” J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 103, No. A1, pp. 471–487, 1998.